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Earth from Above

The Power of Perspective

"The Overview Effect is a powerful reminder of the importance of protecting our planet. We need to work together to preserve it for future generations."

- Kathryn Sullivan, Space Shuttle astronaut


When the Earth is viewed from space it is easy to see how beautiful and delicate our planet really is. From far above, you can see big patterns, like oceans, forests, mountains, and clouds, all working together like a living system. This view helps us understand how different parts of Earth are connected.

Today, we don’t have to go to space to see Earth this way. We can use satellite images from the International Space Station and programs like Landsat to explore our planet from above. These tools let us zoom out to see the big picture and zoom in to study details. We can look at landforms like mountains, rivers, and valleys and see how humans, animals, and plants interact with the environment.

By learning about Earth’s landforms and how they were made, by wind, water, ice, volcanoes, or tectonic forces, we can also learn about other planets and moons. Scientists use what they know about Earth to understand strange landscapes on places like Mars or the Moon. For example, if we see a dry riverbed on Mars, we might guess that water once flowed there, just like it does on Earth.

Looking at Earth from above helps us see the big picture, and it helps us become better explorers of our own world and beyond.

Print Lesson Plan

Through the Lens of a Satellite

Use topographic and satellite maps to analyze a landform. Predict what it looks like from the ground

Satellite View Choose a location from one of the websites below:

  • NASA Earth Observatory
  • USGS EarthExplorer
  • LandSat
  • Google Earth


Look at:

  • Patterns (Do they appear man-made, like cities and farms?
  • Colors (Are there green valleys or rocky cliffs?)
  • Landforms (Mountains, rivers, canyons?)

Describe:

  • High points (e.g. cliffs, peaks): 
  • Low points (e.g. valleys, water): 
  • What do you think the place feels like if you stood there?

Example (Close up and zoomed in): The blue-green waters along the coast of Kimberley, in northwester

Example: The blue-green waters along the coast of Kimberley, in northwestern Australia (LandSat)

Create a Ground View

Sketch what you imagine the landform looks like from the ground. Focus on slope, height, shape, and vegetation. Include color and label. 

From above, mountains, valleys, and craters don’t always stand out clearly—unless you look at the shadows. Long, dark shadows tell us a landform is steep or tall. By studying the direction and length of these shadows, scientists can figure out the height and shape of the terrain without ever setting foot on it.


Rivers that snake through the landscape, ridges that repeat, or fan-like shapes at the end of valleys all give clues about the land below. These patterns help scientists guess what forces—like water, wind, or tectonic shifts—shaped the land, and what kind of topography they might find there.


Different landforms reflect sunlight in different ways. Smooth, flat areas like deserts might appear pale or uniform, while forests and mountains might look darker or more textured. By comparing these colors and textures in satellite images, we can guess whether a place is rocky, sandy, forested, or flat.


Check your prediction

Enter coordinates or location

Enter coordinates or location

Enter coordinates or location

Go to Google Earth and type in the provided coordinates to zoom into the exact location on Earth.

Ex: 16°09'15"S 123°19'52"E

Explore the Landscape

Enter coordinates or location

Enter coordinates or location

Use the zoom and tilt tools to view the area from different angles—look for shadows, textures, and patterns that hint at landforms.

Compare your view

Enter coordinates or location

Compare your view

Compare what you see in the 3D view to your original topography prediction—what did you get right, and what surprised you?

Reflect

  1. Was the ground view different from what you expected?  Explain. 
  2. How did the topographic map help you understand the landscape?
  3. What new information did you get from the satellite image?
  4. Why is it important for scientists and astronauts to study Earth from multiple perspectives?

Bonus!

  • Write your name with LandSat!
  • Investigate the topography of Mars using satellite imagery from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), then check out photos taken by Perseverance of the surface!

Tracking Earth's Changes

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

Scientists can use new and old pictures to keep track of Earth’s changes over time.  By capturing images from the ground and images from satellites in the sky, we can see how our planet is different than it used to be.

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

NASA has a unique and important view of hurricanes around the planet. Satellites and aircraft watch as storms form, travel across the ocean and sometimes, make landfall. After the hurricanes have passed, the satellites and aircraft see the aftermath of hurricanes, from downed forests to mass power loss. 

Interpreting Surfaces Beyond Earth

How NASA Earth Satellites Track Hurricanes

Interpreting Surfaces Beyond Earth

Using actual New Horizons data and digital elevation models, mission scientists have created flyover movies that offer new perspectives of the many unusual features that were discovered and which have reshaped our views of the Pluto system.  

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